Thermodynamics Fundamentals

• Students know fundamentals of thermodynamic e.g. open and closed systems, steady-state processing, state of matter, heat, molecular agitations, ideal gases, real gases; thermodynamic properties (internal energy, enthalpy, free energy, free enthalpy, entropy, specific heat); first and second law of thermodynamics for a closed system; thermodynamic relations (Gibbs equations, Maxwell's equations, characteristic functions, general expressions of S, U and H, general relationship between Cp and Cv); thermodynamic equilibrium phases (chemical potentials); state equations applied to pure fluids (state equation of ideal gases); thermodynamics of mixtures (mixture of ideal gases, ideal solutions); first law of thermodynamics for open systems (mass and energy balance); second law of thermodynamics for open systems (entropy balance sheet); exergy analysis (generation of entropy and exergy destruction, application to steady flows and closed systems); gas turbine (operating principle, Brayton cycle, inverted Brayton cycle), steam turbine (block diagram, Rankine cycles); engines; refrigeration machines, single-stage and two-stage vapor compression (schematic diagrams, thermodynamic cycles in PH and TS diagrams, two-stage compression and expansion); cryogenic thermodynamic processes; liquefaction of air (Linde and Claude cycles); production of dry ice.

Heat Transfer Fundamentals

• Students know
  • Heat transfer basics: specific terms (temperature, heat flux, heat, isothermal surfaces); thermo physical characteristics; heat transfer methods (mechanisms and Fourier's, Newton's and Stefan’s laws); simultaneous heat transfers.
  • Problem resolution of heat transfer: heat balance concept; general equation of conduction; boundary conditions; electrical analogy; systems with internal heat source.
  • Thermal fins study: introduction to the fins (applications, forms, materials, ... etc.); heat balance; performance and efficiency.
  • Steady conduction: analytical solution of the Laplace equation; steady numerical methods.
  • Unsteady conduction: dimensionless numbers (Biot and Fourier); thermally thin systems (low Biot); analytical and numerical methods.
  • Introduction to convection: heat transfer by convection; the general equations of transfer; boundary layers.
  • Forced convection: external flows; the experimental and theoretical methods; flow around a cylinder, sphere and a tube bundle; internal flows; hydrodynamic and thermal considerations; laminar flow in circular tubes; correlation for turbulent flow in circular and non-circular tubes.
  • Natural convection: boussinesq Model; similarity; natural convection near a vertical wall; correlations for natural convection.

• J. Morano, N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics.
• Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Bruce R. Munson, David P. DeWitt, Introduction to Thermal Systems Engineering: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat Transfer. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• CENGEL Y.A. Heat Transfer : Practical Approach, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

6 cp (2 cp - Thermodynamics Fundamentals; 4 cp - Heat Transfer Fundamentals)